Raws li "lub plawv" ntawm lub transformer, lub plawv hlau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob electromagnetic. Nws tsis tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog ntawm cov transformers, tab sis kuj muaj feem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov ntim, qhov hnyav, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv hlau, los ntawm cov hlau ntshiab rau kev lag luam mus rau cov hlau tsis sib xws niaj hnub no, tau pom qhov kev txhim kho zoo kawg nkaus ntawm cov thev naus laus zis transformer.
Lub hauv paus kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov hlau core
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub transformer core yog los muab lub voj voog sib nqus zoo, tso cai rau lub zog hluav taws xob kom xa mus rau ntau lub voj voog sib txawv los ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm electromagnetic induction. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub hlau core cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov ntsuas kev siv tshuab thiab kev lag luam ntawm lub transformer. Cov kev cai yooj yim rau cov khoom siv hlau core yog: cov hlau core poob qis ntawm qee qhov zaus thiab qhov ceev ntawm magnetic flux, thiab qhov ceev ntawm magnetic flux siab ntawm qee qhov muaj zog magnetic.
Qhov poob ntawm lub hauv paus muaj ob ntu: qhov poob ntawm hysteresis thiab qhov poob ntawm eddy tam sim no. Qhov poob ntawm hysteresis yog cuam tshuam nrog qhov nyuaj ntawm cov khoom siv magnetization, thaum qhov poob ntawm eddy tam sim no yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tam sim no ncig los ntawm kev hloov pauv magnetic flux hauv lub hauv paus hlau. Txhawm rau kom txo cov kev poob no, cov khoom siv hlau zoo tagnrho yuav tsum muaj qhov hluav taws xob resistivity siab, magnetic permeability siab, thiab coercivity qis.
Cov txheej txheem evolution ntawm cov khoom siv hlau
Kev tsim cov khoom siv transformer core tau dhau los ntawm kev taug kev ntev thiab zoo siab. Cov transformer cores thaum ntxov siv cov hlau carbon lossis cov hlau carbon ua cov khoom siv sib nqus. Xyoo 1885, lub Hoobkas Gunz hauv Hungary tau tsim thawj lub transformer ib-theem nrog lub voj voog sib nqus kaw, thiab nws cov hlau core tau ua los ntawm cov khoom siv no.
Xyoo 1900, RA Hadfield, ib tug neeg Askiv, thiab lwm tus pom tias kev ntxiv silicon rau hauv cov hlau tsis muaj zog tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tiv taus, txo cov eddy tam sim no thiab kev poob hysteresis, thiab txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm "core aging". Xyoo 1903, Tebchaws Meskas thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tau pib tsim cov ntawv hlau silicon kub-kuav, cim qhov pib ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm cov ntawv hlau silicon.
Cov ntawv hlau silicon kub dov muaj teeb meem xws li kev ua haujlwm tsis sib xws thiab kev poob siab. Xyoo 1930, kev tshawb pom tau ua tiav hauv thev naus laus zis ntawm cov ntawv hlau silicon txias dov. Xyoo 1933, Gauss siv ob txoj kev dov txias thiab annealing los tsim 3% Si hlau nrog cov khoom sib nqus siab raws li kev taw qhia dov. Xyoo 1935, Armco Steel Company ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tau koom tes nrog Westinghouse Company los pib tsim cov hlau silicon txias dov.
Tom qab xyoo 1960, cov teb chaws loj uas muaj kev lag luam maj mam tso tseg kev tsim cov ntawv hlau silicon kub thiab tig mus rau cov ntawv hlau silicon txias uas muaj kev ua tau zoo dua. Xyoo 1964, Nippon Steel Corporation ntawm Nyiv tau tsim cov ntawv hlau silicon txias uas muaj permeability siab (Hi-B steel), txo qhov poob ntawm cov transformers uas tsis muaj load.
Xyoo 1970, cov ntaub ntawv amorphous alloy tau tshwm sim thawj zaug hauv keeb kwm. Xyoo 1974, United Microelectronics Corporation tau tsim cov hlau amorphous alloys, thiab xyoo 1978, Tebchaws Meskas tau tsim 10KVA amorphous hlau core transformers. Hom khoom tshiab no muaj tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev poob hlau tsawg heev, tsuas yog 1/3-1/5 ntawm cov ntawv hlau silicon ib txwm muaj, qhib lub sijhawm tshiab ntawm kev txuag hluav taws xob rau transformers.
Cov hom tseem ceeb thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hlau
daim ntawv hlau silicon
Cov ntawv hlau silicon yog cov hlau sib nqus mos mos uas muaj cov pa roj carbon tsawg heev, feem ntau muaj cov ntsiab lus silicon ntawm 0.5-4.5%. Ntxiv silicon tuaj yeem ua rau lub zog hluav taws xob thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau sib nqus permeability ntawm hlau, txo qhov coercivity, poob ntawm lub hauv paus, thiab kev laus ntawm cov hlau sib nqus. Cov ntawv hlau silicon tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: kub-dov thiab txias-dov, nrog rau txias-dov raug faib ua hom kev taw qhia thiab tsis-taw qhia.
Cov hlau silicon uas tsis yog-taw qhia txias yog hais txog cov hlau sib xyaw ntawm 0.5% ~ 4.0% (Si + Al), uas tau dov txias rau 0.65mm, 0.5mm, thiab 0.35mm thiab tom qab ntawd annealed thiab coated kom ua tiav. Nws cov qauv nplej yog qhov sib txawv, thiab nws muaj cov khoom sib nqus sib npaug zoo sib xws hauv txhua qhov kev taw qhia.
Cov hlau silicon uas tau teeb tsa muaj qhov permeability siab thiab cov yam ntxwv poob qis hauv qhov yooj yim magnetizable <001> kev taw qhia, uas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo li qub xws li transformers. Lub kaum sab xis nruab nrab ntawm cov noob qoob loo ntawm cov hlau silicon uas tau teeb tsa (CGO) yog li 7 °, thiab tus nqi saturation magnetic susceptibility B8 yog siab dua 1.82 Tesla; Lub kaum sab xis nruab nrab ntawm cov noob qoob loo ntawm cov hlau silicon uas tau teeb tsa magnetic siab (Hi-B) yog li 3 °, thiab tus nqi B8 yog siab dua 1.90 Tesla.
amorphous hlau
Amorphous alloy yog ib yam khoom siv hlau uas muaj cov atoms faib ua pawg hauv cov khoom siv matrix, muaj cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke "glassy". Ib qho amorphous alloy feem ntau muaj 80% hlau, nrog rau cov khoom seem yog boron thiab silicon. Cov khoom siv no muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog induction magnetic saturation siab (1.54T), permeability magnetic siab, tam sim no excitation qis, thiab poob hlau tsawg heev.
Qhov poob hlau ntawm cov hlau amorphous alloys tsuas yog ib feem peb txog ib feem tsib ntawm cov hlau silicon oriented, uas txo qhov poob tsis muaj load ntawm amorphous alloy transformers los ntawm 70% txog 80% piv rau cov hlau silicon transformers ib txwm muaj. Qhov saturation magnetic flux density ntawm amorphous alloys yog qhov tsawg heev (kwv yees li 1.5T), yog li qhov ntsuas magnetic flux density feem ntau yog xaiv ua 1.3-1.4T.
Lub thickness ntawm cov amorphous alloy strip yog nyias heev, tsuas yog 0.03 hli, ua rau muaj cov coefficient lamination ntawm tsuas yog li 80% rau cov hlau amorphous core. Txawm hais tias cov amorphous alloys muaj qhov hnyav tshwj xeeb qis dua li cov ntawv hlau silicon, qhov hnyav ntawm cov hlau core tseem hnyav heev.
Kev tsim qauv tseem ceeb
Tus qauv tsim ntawm cov qauv transformer core kuj tau hloov pauv ntau heev. Txij li thaum ntxov tshaj plaws laminated hlau core, mus rau C-puab hlau core, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau lub nplhaib-puab (coiled hlau core) hlau core, txhua tus qauv muaj nws tus kheej cov yam ntxwv thiab qhov zoo.
Lub plawv hlau puag ncig yog ua los ntawm cov hlau silicon uas ntswj zoo li lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav moos uas ntswj nruj nreem. Hom plawv hlau no muaj lub voj voog sib nqus tas mus li tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm huab cua, ua rau tsis tshua muaj kev tiv thaiv sib nqus thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo. Piv nrog cov transformers laminated uas muaj tib lub peev xwm, cov transformers toroidal muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov me me, lub teeb yuag, thiab tsis tshua muaj qhov xau sib nqus.
Rau cov amorphous alloy transformers, vim yog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev txiav lawv cov ntaub ntawv, lawv feem ntau yog tsim los ua cov qauv hlau coiled. Lub hauv paus ntawm ib-theem transformer yog ib lub thav duab, thaum lub hauv paus ntawm peb-theem transformer yog tsim los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke plaub lub thav duab rau hauv ib lub qauv zoo ib yam li peb-theem tsib kem qauv. Cov qauv no ua rau txhua theem winding muab tso rau ntawm ob lub thav duab ywj pheej ntawm lub voj voog sib nqus, tshem tawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm peb harmonic magnetic flux.
Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom siv hlau
Cov txheej txheem tsim cov ntawv hlau silicon yog qhov nyuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntawv hlau silicon. Nws cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yog qhov nyuaj, lub qhov rais txheej txheem yog nqaim, thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tsim khoom yog siab. Nws yog hu ua "kev ua tes ua khoom ntawm cov khoom hlau".
Cov txheej txheem tsim cov ntawv hlau silicon txias-dov uas tsis yog-taw qhia feem ntau suav nrog: cov hlau kub dov lossis cov hlau txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv cov kauj nrog qhov tuab ntawm kwv yees li 2.3 hli, ua raws li kev ntxuav kua qaub, dov txias, annealing, thiab cov txheej txheem txheej txheej rwb thaiv tsev. Rau cov khoom silicon siab, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua kom lawv zoo li qub ntawm 800-850 ℃ tom qab dov kub, ua raws li kev ntxuav kua qaub, dov txias mus rau qee qhov tuab, annealing, tom qab ntawd dov txias ntawm qhov txo qis qis, thiab thaum kawg annealing kawg.
Txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov hlau amorphous yog txau cov pa hlau molten rau ntawm lub thav duab tooj liab uas tig ceev ceev, thiab cov hlau molten raug txias thiab khov rau hauv cov tav nyias nyias ntawm tus nqi ntawm 106 ℃ / s. Qhov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv siab uas tsim los ntawm kev quenching yuav tsum tau txo los ntawm kev annealing ntawm 200 ℃ thiab 280 ℃ kom tau txais cov khoom sib nqus zoo.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txuag hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv hlau
Cov transformers muaj ntau heev thiab muaj peev xwm loj hauv lub zog fais fab, ua rau muaj kev poob ntau heev. Kwv yees tias tag nrho kev poob ntawm cov transformers hauv Suav teb suav txog li 10% ntawm lub zog tsim hluav taws xob ntawm lub kaw lus. Txhua 1% kev txo qis ntawm kev poob tuaj yeem txuag tau ntau txhiab kilowatt teev ntawm hluav taws xob txhua xyoo.
Cov transformers amorphous alloy hlau core muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txuag hluav taws xob. Qhov poob tsis muaj load ntawm SH12 series amorphous alloy core transformers txo qis li ntawm 75% piv rau S9 series silicon steel transformers. Txawm hais tias amorphous alloy transformers kim dua li cov transformers ib txwm muaj, lawv cov nqi khiav lag luam qis heev, thiab lub sijhawm them rov qab peev feem ntau yog ntawm 2-5 xyoos.
Cov cheeb tsam uas muaj kev lag luam zoo uas sawv cev los ntawm Shanghai, Jiangsu, thiab Zhejiang xeev tau siv cov amorphous alloy transformers ntau heev. Jiangsu Electric Power Company txawm npaj yuav teeb tsa cov kab tshiab thiab kho dua tshiab yav tom ntej, thiab kev siv cov amorphous alloy transformers yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 30%.
Cov qauv kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hlau
Cov ntaub ntawv hlau tseem ceeb tab tom tsim kom muaj kev poob hlau tsawg thiab kev sib nqus siab. Rau cov ntawv hlau silicon, suav nrog cov hlau silicon tsis taw qhia rau cov cav ua haujlwm siab uas poob hlau tsawg, cov hlau silicon nyias uas tsis poob hlau tsawg, thiab cov hlau silicon siab rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txuag hluav taws xob nruab nrab thiab siab.
Cov hlau silicon siab (Si Fe alloy nrog 4.5% ~ 6.7% Si) muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev txo qis hlau poob ntawm cov zaus siab, siab tshaj plaws magnetic permeability, thiab qis coercivity. Tab sis nws cov ntsiab lus Si siab dhau, thiab nws cov plasticity tsis zoo heev ntawm chav tsev kub, ua rau nws nyuaj rau dov thiab tsim. Tam sim no, cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog oriented 6.5% Si Fe alloy feem ntau yog npaj los ntawm silicon infiltration txheej txheem.
Cov ntaub ntawv hloov kho nano thiab cov ntaub ntawv bio-based kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov kev taw qhia kev txhim kho yav tom ntej. Nrog rau qhov kev thov kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig ntau ntxiv, kev tsim cov khoom siv hlau tsis muaj tshuaj lom, biodegradable, lossis recyclable yuav dhau los ua ib qho kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb.
Xaus lus
Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv transformer core tau pom qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo meej ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev tsim hluav taws xob. Txij li cov hlau carbon mus rau cov ntawv hlau silicon, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau cov hlau amorphous, txhua qhov kev tawg ua tiav ntawm cov khoom siv tau txhim kho qib kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov transformers.
Hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no uas kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab kev txo qis pa phem tau dhau los ua kev pom zoo thoob ntiaj teb, kev xaiv cov khoom siv hlau zoo tsis yog tsuas yog cuam tshuam nrog cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam xwb, tab sis kuj yog lub luag haujlwm ib puag ncig. Yav tom ntej, nrog rau kev tshwm sim tas mus li ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab cov txheej txheem, cov transformer cores yuav txuas ntxiv mus rau kev poob qis dua thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo dua, pab txhawb rau kev tsim kho lub zog ntsuab thiab qis carbon.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Yim Hli-29-2025
